I. BASIC NATURES AND PURPOSES
The Key Technologies Research and
Development programme is an important component of the Ninth
five-year Plan for the Nation Scientific and Technological
Development, formulated with the
purposes of fully carrying out the functions of the central
government to meet partial specific needs in the multiple
aspects of capital construction, technical reform, upgrading
of industries, development of agriculture, sustainable
development of society, etc. in the country. It is a
national level programme of science and technology financed
by the state and specifically embodies the principle of
orienting science and technology towards the main fields of
economic development. Since 1982, the programme has been
implemented for three Five-year Plans and has provided a
batch of key technologies and equipment for the economic and
social development of the country, thus playing a
significant role in promoting the economic and social
development and the development of science and technology.
The purposes of the Key Technologies Research and
Development Programme of the Ninth Five-year Plan are to
concentrate resources upon solving a batch of key and
general technological problems urgent for the promotion of
industrial technical level and social development,
strengthening the study of integration of existing
individual technologies into complete sites and the study of
application of those technologies to engineering, with
emphases put on the consistency of scientific and
technological objectives with economic objectives,
combination of market orientation and driving force of
technologies, so as to promote the process of integration of
science and technology with economy.
II
THE MAIN OBJECTIVES AND CONTENTS
The programme emphatically includes the
three major components of agriculture, new/high technologies
and social development.
1. The Main
Objectives
(1)
Concentrate the main forces and make joint efforts to solve
key technologies closely around the hot, difficult problems
posed by the current national economic and social
development and the problems with vital impacts on the long
term development of the country and with directional, basic
and comprehensive significance.
(2) Accelerate the process of integration of
science and technology with economy, strengthen the
development of key technologies for application to
engineering and industries so as to provide technical
support for equipping traditional industries with high
technologies and developing new/high tech industries. Make
breakthroughs in key technologies to produce several kinds
of high tech products with high market competitiveness and
promote the process of equipping traditional industries with
high technologies ; and develop vital key technologies in
the field of social development and promote the
establishment of industries related with social
development.
(3)
Stabilize a team of scientific and technological research
force.
2. The Main Contents
(1)
Research on agricultural science and technology continues to
be the first priority Aimed at the difficult key scientific
and technological problems in the current and a relatively
long term agricultural and rural economic development, the
research is to provide strong technical support for
realizing a net increase of 50 billion kg or a total amount
of 500 billion kg of annual grain output by the end of the
century, guarantee effective supply of the main agricultural
products of grain, cotton, edible oil, meat, egg, fish,
milk, etc, in the next century, raise farmers' income,
improve agricultural environment and promote the stable
growth of rural economy.
_Breed key, new varieties of
high quality, high yield , high stress-resistant capacity
for crop cultivation , forestry, animal husbandry and
fishery, develop the supporting technologies of cultivation,
fertilizing, water saving, etc., so as to significantly
improve the quality of new varieties and increase the yield
by 10-20%
_Establish large demonstrative areas for the
five main crops, rice, wheat, corn, soybean and cotton,
respectively, in the five main growing areas of Hunan,
Henan, Jilin, Heilongjiang and Xinjiang, involving
integration of comprehensive supporting technologies of
improved varieties, cultivation , crop protection,
processing, etc..
_Continuously improve the
technological experiments and demonstrations for the
harnessing and comprehensive development of mid low yield
farm lands in the plains in Northeast, the areas of red and
yellow soils in the south, the Huang-Huai-Hai area, the
areas of loess in the northwest, the areas of dry land in
the north, etc. So as to tap the potential of midlow yield
farmlands to a large extent; establish comprehensive
demonstrative zones in the areas of midlow yield farmlands
already with necessary preliminary conditions (areas of dry
land in the north , for example ) in order to provide
technical support and demonstration for the agricultural and
rural economic development in the 2lst century.
_Carry
out research on the key technologies and establish and
improve the monitoring networks for the control of important
plant diseases and insect pests; actively develop new
varieties of agricultural chemical and establish research
and production bases of new agricultural chemical backed by
the Shanghai Institute of Agricultural Chemical Research ,
the Jiangsu Institute of Agricultural Chemical Research, the
Hunan Institute of Chemical Research and the Zhejiang
Institute of Chemical Research.
_Carry out research on
technologies for protection and utilization of forest and
grassland resources and harnessing of desertification ,
develop oriented forests of fast growth and high yield and
strengthen the research and demonstration on the
technologies of shelter forest system.
_Develop
technologies for scale raising of domestic animals and
porltry, promote the ratio of meat to forage and the ration
of commodity ones, lower the rate of death as caused by
diseases and parasites and , at the same time, develop new
forage additives and related technologies.
_Carry out
research and development of technologies for in depth
processing of agricultural products and by products and
technologies of key agricultural machinery and
equipment.
(2) Develop key high
technologies
During the Ninth Five-year Plan period,
first, the study of application to engineering and
development of new/high technological achievements from the
"863" and Key Technologies Research and
Development Programmes, etc, in the Eighth Five-year Plan
period should be completed to form new/high tech products
with Chinese intellectual property right and relatively high
market competition capacity and promote the technical reform
of conventional industries and the development of high-tech
industries, promote the adjustment and upgrading of
industrial structure; and , second, breakthroughs should be
made in the key technologies in some major high-tech fields
and provide technical support for the further
industrialization.
_The research on information
technologies should make breakthroughs in the key
technologies of the new generation of large-sized digital
programme controlled exchanger, computers of high
performance, information technology based commercial and
trade equipment, high distinction TV(HDTV) digital acoustics
broadcasting (DAB), Chinese information software platform,
etc.;
_The research on advanced manufacture
technologies will be focused on the study, development and
demonstration of cars, integrated CAD, industrial robots,
laser-processing, precision-shaping, etc.;
_The
research on new energy sources will be focused on the study
and development of high-power wind power generator and the
application of solar energy and bio-energy;
_The
research on new materials will cast on the study of
supporting materials for a new generation of advanced
weapons for defence purpose and new materials for cars and,
at the same time, promote the industrialization of new
materials and related technologies;
_The research on
biological technologies will be focused on the study of
agricultrual breeding, gene medicine, marine biological
products and the industrialization of key
technologies.
(3) Promote the
coordinated economic and social development with science and
technology
The research on social development will be
focused on the following five aspects in order to promote
the implementation of the China Agenda 21:
·
Medical and heath work , The study of epidemiology,
pathogeny, disease mechanism and control will be continued,
ten new medicines will be created and , at the same time,
five safety evaluation centres (GLP), five clinical medicine
centres (GCP) and five new medicine research and screening
centres will established according to international
standards and study of standardization (models) of the
Chinese medicine compounds will be carried out.
· Exploration of resources in the western china.
The research will be focused on the exploration and
assessment technologies for non ferrous metal resources (Cu,
Au, Ag, Pb, Zn) in Xinjiang, Tibet, etc..
·
Environmental protection technologies, The research will be
focused on the technologies of urban waste water
purification, smoke desulphurization and reuse and high
value appreciation of solid wastes and the full sets of
technologies for control of urban drinking water source
pollution and treatment of pollutants in drinking water.
· Utilization of sea water and marine biological
resources. The research will be focused on the study and
development of marine medicine, study of technologies of sea
water desalinization and direct use(heat pumps, etc. )and
the key technologies for production of potassium sulphate
from sea water.
· Establishment of national
comprehensive pilot zones. Establish about 40 national
comprehensive pilot zones of social development in counties,
medium, and small cities or districts in large cities.
(4) Support a few of important projects
of science and technology industries with vital impacts on
the national economy and with directional, basic and
comprehensive significance
Take science and technology
as the guide and market for orientation, the development of
high technologies as objective, select a batch of key
technical projects that have vital impacts on the long term
development of the national economy, make overall
arrangement covering research, design, development and
industrialization and organize the implementation of key
science and technology industrial engineering
projects.
The key science and technology industrial
engineering projects have the following features :
· The selection of projects embodies the
properties of foresight and strategy by focusing on the
research and development of key technologies with vital
impacts on the current of key technologies with vital
impacts on the current and future development of economy and
science and technology and great marketing potential;
· The arrangement of projects emphasizes
integration of research, design, development, demonstration,
extension and marketing and embodies the properties of
integration of science and technology engineering;
· The implementation of projects is to make
breakthroughs in individual technologies or integration of
multiple technologies and use the experience of individual
points to promote the work in all the fields so as to
promote the formation of new/high tech industries and
promote the development of related industries, and hence has
a good demonstration function;
· The
organization of projects strengthens the combination of
science and technology with the source of economy,
strengthens the coordination between sectors and localities
and integration of production, education and research units,
makes efforts to work out a managerial mode and an
operational mechanism of science and technology projects
that are suitable for the socialist market economy and can
promote the combination of science and technology with
economy, and hence has important creativity.
In the Ninth Five year Plan period,
the key science and technology industrial engineering
projects arranged include:
· projects that can
be industrialized in the near term, such as moderately well
off type urban and rural residences for the 21st century,
(Tianjin) project for the application and demonstration of
Dawn (Shugunag) computers, factory agriculture, etc. And;
· projects with strategic significance of long
term development such as power driven vehicles, HDTV, DAB,
etc.. The implementation of those projects will promote the
process of integration of research, development and
industrialization and will foster new points of economic
growth and promote the development of new/high technologies
and their industrialization in China.
III THE MAIN SUPPORTING CONDITIONS AND
MEASURES
The key Technologies Research and Development
Programme of the Ninth Five-year Plan needs about 9 billion
yuan of fund and the fund will be raised through multiple
channels, including governmental appropriation, sector or
locality self-raised fund, loan from banks, implementing
agency self-raised fund, etc.. It is planned that 2.2
billion yuan will be provided by the government, in which
agriculture occupies 630 million yuan, or 28.7% of the
total, high technologies 870 million yuan, or 39.5%, and
Social development 700 million yuan, or 31.8%. It is also
planned to provide about 6 billion yuan of loan as support
to the development of science and
technology.
The administrative measures
for the programme include
· combining department
administration with expert administration , that is , while
the department responsible for the organization of project
conducts administration of project implementation, a project
expert committee is established to take part in the
administration of project over the whole process from
project institution to acceptance;
· setting up
a rolling project institution and adjustment mechanism for
the programme, starting project by year according to the
principle "Start a project only when the necessary
conditions have become available".
·
tentatively making "foundation type" management or
"post subsidy" for the fields that need long term
stable support, because they have impacts on the long term
benefits of the country, but their objectives by phase are
difficult to determine and there are multiple technical
approaches to choose, such as control of major diseases and
crop breeding, so as to more effectively use the funds;
· applying the competitive mechanism so as to
meet the need of market economy, and encouraging the
selection of agencies in charge of project through the
bidding approach;
· improving evaluation
agencies and strengthening the evaluation of implementation
of project through a third party in order to monitor and
guarantee the realization of project objectives; and
· further standardizing the utilization and
management of the funds of science and technology so as to
ensure adequate, effective and timely use of the
governmental appropriation.
IV.
ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANIZATION AND REGULATIONS
1.
Administrative Organization
The local department for
the organization of project is determined by the related
specialized department in cooperation with the Department of
Planning in the Minsitry of Science and Technology. The
agency for the implementation of project is determined by
the department for the organization of project and, in
principle, the agencies for the implementation of special
subjects are determined through
bidding.
2. Administrative
Regulations
(1) The Detailed Rules for the
Administration of the Key Technologies Research and
Development Programme of the Ninth Five-year Plan has been
formulated for the administration of the
programme.
(2) The regulations for project bidding
have been formulated in order to promote the development of
the socialist market economy and incorporate the competitive
mechanism.
(3) The foundation type administration has
been implemented for partial projects and specific
management methods have been formulated accordingly in order
to suit for the characteristics of certain research
fields.
(4) It has been clarified that loan should be
an important component of fund for the programme in order to
establish multiple channels for fund raising and related
regulations have been formulated.
(5) Realize rolling
management and strengthen annual budgeting and tracing management.